It is a new type of high-energy battery, which has the advantages of large specific energy, high voltage, wide operating temperature range, long storage life, environmental protection and no pollution. However, any type of battery must be suitable for the conditions of use of electrical appliances. Liyuan Battery Editor will make some explanations on the technical issues that need to be considered when selecting a lithium battery for customers to refer to when choosing a battery.

1. About open circuit voltage:

When the battery is idling, its voltage is an open circuit voltage, and its value is determined by the electrochemical system itself. In the commonly used primary lithium battery, the nominal voltage of the lithium-manganese dioxide battery is 3.0V, and the nominal voltage of the lithium-thionyl chloride battery is 3.6V.

2. Regarding the polarization curve:

When the battery is empty, its voltage is the open circuit voltage. Once the battery has a current output, there will be a deviation of the voltage from the open circuit voltage. This deviation is called polarization. Polarization consists of three parts:

① Ohmic polarization: caused by the internal resistance of the battery, which is proportional to the operating current;

② Activation polarization: determined by the slow step of electron transfer in the electrochemical reaction;

③ Concentration polarization: determined by the concentration gradient of ions near the electrode;

The polarization is proportional to the working current. The larger the working current, the more serious the polarization. Since the battery has a polarization problem when outputting current, the operating voltage of the battery is different at different operating currents: it decreases with increasing operating current. For example, the battery used in the intelligent flowmeter usually has a low working current, and its working voltage is relatively high and stable. Once it is required to output a large pulse current (such as the action of an electric valve), the large increase in its current value will inevitably cause a large decrease in the operating voltage, which is determined by the nature of the battery. In other words, the operating voltage during high-current pulses should be significantly lower than the normal operating voltage value, which must attract the user's attention.

3. About the capacity of the battery:

电池的容量以安培小时( Ah )表示，它是工作电流与工作时间的乘积。工作时间是电池放电至终止电压的时间。容量由电池内所含活性物质的量所决定，与其形成正比。即电池体积愈大，活性物质愈多，容量也大。一般厂家标明的额定容量是指电池在一定的环境温度(20 ± 3 ℃)下，以规定的标准放电电流，连续放电到规定的终止电压，所持续的时间和电流的乘积来计算的。温度过低或放电电流明显大于标准放电电流都可能造成电池的容量不能完全释放出来。另外，新电池和使用过一定时间的电池性能肯定是不一样的，随着活性物质的不断消耗电池的性能也会下降，所以用户在选择电池容量时应该留有一定的安全系数。 具体情况请向力源 一次性纽扣电池厂家咨询。

4 、关于标准放电电流：

标准放电电流是指在一定的温度条件下连续放电到规定的终止电压( 2V )时，可以达到电池的标称容量的连续放电电流。具体数据根据我司企标的规定。

5 、关于连续放电电流：

指在 20 ±3 ℃环境下连续放电至 2.0V 终止，能使电池放出 50 %额定容量时，输出连续工作电流值。

6 、关于脉冲放电电流：

指放电脉冲持续时间3秒，间断时间27秒，终止电压 2.0V时，能使电池脉冲放出50%额定容量时，输出脉冲工作电流值。

7 、关于电池的功率：

功率是电池工作电压与工作电流的乘积。是电池输出能力的度量。电池功率的大小主要由电池的结构所决定(规定的电化学体系内),一般将电池设计分为功率型和能量型两种。前者可以大电流放电，同规格型号下较容量型容量小，适用于需要输出功率较大的用电器。后者放电电流较小，相对容量较大，适用于需要小电流长时间使用的用电器。电池的容量与功率间没有直接关系。

8 、关于电池的工作温度：

锂一次电池的工作范围一般为- 40 ℃- 85 ℃(特种高温电池可达150 ℃),超过规定的高温可能造成电池失效甚至爆炸。超过规定的低温，电池将放不出电来。即使在规定的低温范围内，随着温度的下降电池的输出能力也会下降，所以如需在高低温状态下工作应向我司咨询以保证正常使用。

9、关于滞后现象：

Hysteresis refers to the phenomenon that the operating voltage drops significantly when the battery is connected to the matching load, and rises to the normal operating voltage after a few seconds. This phenomenon is caused by the passivation film on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery, which mainly exists in the lithium-thionyl chloride battery. The lithium-manganese dioxide battery generally has no hysteresis.

10. Regarding the storage life of the battery:

The storage life of lithium primary batteries occupies a clear advantage in all kinds of primary batteries. Under normal temperature, normal humidity and normal pressure environment, the storage life can be more than 6 years, and can also reach more than 10 years. Therefore, it is especially suitable for the maintenance-free appliances with small current for a long time. But long-term storage under high temperature or high humidity, and other harsh environments will affect the life of the battery.

11. About the safety of the battery:

Lithium batteries are high-energy batteries, and lithium is a very active metal. Therefore, this battery has potential safety hazards: if improper operation in use, transportation, storage, and assembly may cause safety problems, the requirements are not allowed for this. Charging, over-discharging, squeezing, puncturing, burning, short circuit, heating, dissection, otherwise it may cause night leakage, burning or even explosion. For the power battery, due to its strong output capability, its safety is more prominent. In addition, because the operation of the assembled battery requires higher safety, we do not want the user to perform the self-assembly operation of the battery pack. This work should be done by Completed by a battery manufacturer with industry knowledge. The designer of the electrical appliance should also consider the safety requirements of the battery in the design in order to ensure the quality of the product.